About 90 percent of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma.Cancer usually occur in one kidney and but in rare cases can be seen also in both kidneys.
There are no any routine screening test for kidney cancer.
Symptoms and diagnosis of the kidney cancer
In early stages of disease, can be no any related symptoms but those symptoms may include ;
Haematuria ( blood in the urine )
Pain in the side of lower back
Lumb in the abdomen
Feeling weakness
Fever
Unexplained weight loss
What test may done in kidney cancer ?
Urine analysis
Cytoscopy
Blood tests
İmagin tests-ultrasound,chest x-ray,CT scan,MRI,PET scan or bone scan
The most common staging system used for kidney cancer is the TNM system, which describes the stage of the cancer from stage I to stage IV.
Causes of kidney cancer
The causes of kidney cancer are not clear, but many factors that put some people at higher risk are:
Smoking
Overuse of pain relievers containing phenacetin (this chemical is now banned)
Workplace exposure to asbestos or cadmium (construction workers, dock workers, painters and printers)
A family history of kidney cancer
Being male: men are more likely to develop kidney cancer than women.
Prevention
Not smoking or quitting smoking. Up to one third of kidney cancers are thought to be due to smoking.
Treatment
The main approaches for the treatment of kidney cancer done by surgery with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
A radical nephrectomy (removal of the affected kidney) is the most common type of surgery for renal cell carcinoma. A partial nephrectomy (removal of part of the kidney) may be an option for people who have a small tumour in one kidney (less than 4cm), people with cancer in both kidneys and those who have only one working kidney.
Immunotherapy is a treatment option for people with kidney cancer metastases. Cytokines (proteins that activate the immune system) can be given intravenously or orally, and may shrink the cancer.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been trialled in people with advanced kidney cancer and found to cause fewer side-effects than chemotherapy drugs.
Prognosis
An individual's prognosis depends on the type and stage of cancer as well as their age and general health at the time of diagnosis. In most cases, the earlier that kidney cancer is diagnosed, the better the prognosis.
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