First initiation of cancer is preceded by polyps( adenomas ).Polyps may turn to the invasive if undetected.Specially genetic background plays important role to developed to bowel cancer.
The screening of bowel cancer by blood test, it is non invasive test which is looking for some tumor markers in the blood serum.In many countries there bowel cancer screening program specially people who turn 50,55,60 or 65 years of age.
İf polyps are detected in the bowel ,should be taking with invasive procedure with colonoscopy.
Symptoms and diagnosis of Bowel cancer
Most commonly seen symtoms are ;Changing in bowel habits,which means can be seen diarrhoea,constipation or the feeling of incomplete emptying of bowel movements.
Abdominal cramp or blood in stool
And the other general symptoms are :
Loosing weight
Feeling tiredness
Anaemia
Blood in stool
Staging of cancer
Staging is determined by how far the cancer has penetrated through the bowel wall. Stage I is superficial, stage II is deeper and stage III is when the cancer has gone through the thickness of the wall or out into the tissues or lymph nodes beside the bowel. Stage 4 means the cancer has spread to other organs, commonly the liver.
A CT scan can be used to detect spread to the liver or lungs. A blood test to check if CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) is elevated can be used to monitor the progress of the disease.
Causes
Risk factors include age, inherited genetic risk, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and smoking.
Prevention
The risk of bowel cancer can be reduced by not smoking, a healthy diet with plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, and maintaining a healthy body weight.
Treatment
Stage I and II disease can be treated with surgery alone to remove the bowel and surrounding lymph nodes. Stage III disease requires surgery and additional chemotherapy to try to prevent recurrence. Widespread disease is treated with chemotherapy. More recently targeted therapies are being trialled in addition to chemotherapy.
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